,voice,over on the ,mac3 keyboard
shortcuts

  ,a quick reference for people learning
,voice,over1 the screen reader built
into the ,mac4 ,it covers the everyday
commands for mac,,os #ad ,sonoma and
mac,,os #ae ,sequoia4
  ,in this guide1 ,,vo means the
,voice,over keys3 ,control and ,option
held together4 ,you can also set ,caps
,lock to act as the ,,vo keys in
,voice,over ,utility4 ,on most ,mac
keyboards1 commands that use ,f#a to
,f#ab also need the ,fn key1 so we have
included ,fn where ,apple does4

,getting started
,turn ,voice,over on or off3 ,command "6
  ,f#e
,turn ,voice,over on or off on a ,mac
  with ,touch ,,id3 ,hold ,command and
  press ,touch ,,id three times quickly
,stop ,voice,over talking3 ,control
,start keyboard help "<press ,escape to
  stop">3 ,,vo "6 ,k
,open the ,voice,over ,help menu3 ,,vo
  "6 ,h
,open ,voice,over ,utility to change
  settings3 ,,vo "6 ,fn "6 ,f#h
,lock or unlock the ,,vo keys so you
  don't have to hold them3 ,,vo "6
  ,semicolon
,repeat the last thing ,voice,over said3
  ,,vo "6 ,z
,copy the last thing ,voice,over said to
  the clipboard3 ,,vo "6 ,shift "6 ,c

,moving around
,move to the next item3 ,,vo "6 ,right
  ,arrow
,move to the previous item3 ,,vo "6
  ,left ,arrow
,move up or down3 ,,vo "6 ,up ,arrow or
  ,,vo "6 ,down ,arrow
,start interacting with a group1 such as
  a list1 table or text area3 ,,vo "6
  ,shift "6 ,down ,arrow
,stop interacting with a group3 ,,vo "6
  ,shift "6 ,up ,arrow
,activate the current item1 like
  clicking a button3 ,,vo "6 ,space
,move to the top of the window3 ,,vo "6
  ,command "6 ,home "<,,vo "6 ,command
  "6 ,fn "6 ,left ,arrow on keyboards
  without a ,home key">
,move to the bottom of the window3 ,,vo
  "6 ,command "6 ,end "<,,vo "6 ,command
  "6 ,fn "6 ,right ,arrow on keyboards
  without an ,end key">
,move keyboard focus to the next
  control3 ,tab
,move keyboard focus to the previous
  control3 ,shift "6 ,tab

,reading text
  ,for most of these1 first interact
with the text area using ,,vo "6 ,shift
"6 ,down ,arrow4
,read everything from the ,voice,over
  cursor onwards3 ,,vo "6 ,a
,read the current line3 ,,vo "6 ,l
,read the current sentence3 ,,vo "6 ,s
,read the current paragraph3 ,,vo "6 ,p
,read the current word3 ,,vo "6 ,w
,read the current character3 ,,vo "6 ,c
,read the current character
  phonetically1 like 8a1 alpha03 ,,vo "6
  ,c1 then ,c again quickly
,read the next or previous line3 ,,vo "6
  ,down ,arrow or ,,vo "6 ,up ,arrow
,read everything visible in the window3
  ,,vo "6 ,shift "6 ,w

,finding your way around the ,mac
,move to the menu bar3 ,,vo "6 ,m
,move to the status menus on the right
  of the menu bar3 ,,vo "6 ,m1 then ,m
  again quickly
,move to the ,dock3 ,,vo "6 ,d
,hear a summary of open apps3 ,,vo "6
  ,fn "6 ,f#a
,open the ,application ,chooser to
  switch apps3 ,,vo "6 ,fn "6 ,f#a1 then
  ,f#a again quickly
,hear a summary of the current window3
  ,,vo "6 ,fn "6 ,f#b
,open the ,window ,chooser3 ,,vo "6 ,fn
  "6 ,f#b1 then ,f#b again quickly
,describe the item in the ,voice,over
  cursor3 ,,vo "6 ,fn "6 ,f#c
,describe the item with keyboard focus3
  ,,vo "6 ,fn "6 ,f#d
,open the shortcut menu1 like a
  right-click3 ,,vo "6 ,shift "6 ,m

,web pages
,open the rotor to browse headings1
  links and more3 ,,vo "6 ,u
,move to the next heading3 ,,vo "6
  ,command "6 ,h
,move to the previous heading3 ,,vo "6
  ,command "6 ,shift "6 ,h
,move to the next link3 ,,vo "6 ,command
  "6 ,l
,move to the next form control1 such as
  a text field or button3 ,,vo "6
  ,command "6 ,j
,move to the next table3 ,,vo "6
  ,command "6 ,t
,move to the next list3 ,,vo "6 ,command
  "6 ,x
,move to the next image3 ,,vo "6
  ,command "6 ,g
,read from the top of the page to where
  you are3 ,,vo "6 ,b
,hear the address of a link3 ,,vo "6
  ,shift "6 ,u

,searching and ,quick ,nav
,find text on the screen3 ,,vo "6 ,f
,find the next match3 ,,vo "6 ,g
,find the previous match3 ,,vo "6 ,shift
  "6 ,g
,open the ,item ,chooser to pick from a
  list of everything in the window3 ,,vo
  "6 ,i
,turn single-key ,quick ,nav on or off3
  ,,vo "6 ,q
,with single-key ,quick ,nav on1 move to
  the next heading3 ,h
,with single-key ,quick ,nav on1 move to
  the previous heading3 ,shift "6 ,h

,tables
  ,move into the table with ,,vo "6
,shift "6 ,down ,arrow first1 then use
,,vo with the arrow keys to move between
cells4
,read the row header3 ,,vo "6 ,r
,read the whole row3 ,,vo "6 ,r1 then ,r
  again quickly
,read the column header3 ,,vo "6 ,c
,read the whole column3 ,,vo "6 ,c1 then
  ,c again quickly
,hear which row and column you are in3
  ,,vo "6 ,shift "6 ,t
,hear the size of the table3 ,,vo "6
  ,shift "6 ,t1 then ,t again quickly

,handy extras
,turn the screen curtain on or off1 to
  make the screen black for privacy3
  ,,vo "6 ,shift "6 ,fn "6 ,f#aa
,describe an image or photo3 ,,vo "6
  ,shift "6 ,l
,open the verbosity rotor1 to choose how
  much ,voice,over says3 ,,vo "6 ,v
,hear the date and time3 ,,vo "6 ,fn "6
  ,f#g
,pass the next key straight to the app1
  ignoring ,voice,over3 ,,vo "6 ,tab
  ,tip3 press ,,vo "6 ,k to turn on
keyboard help4 ,then press any key or
combination to hear what it does1
without it doing anything4 ,press
,escape when you're done4 ,if you get
lost1 ,,vo "6 ,h opens a ,help menu
where you can search for commands by
name4

  ,from ,full ,circle ,,at1
fullcircleat4com4 ,call or text
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